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Communication Between Stories
Stairs or Ladders for Access
Communication between the three stories of the tower was likely maintained by wooden stairs or ladders. In the north-eastern wall...
The Stairway-Turret and Its Purpose
Construction of the Stairway-Turret
The passages that connect the stairway to the chambers in Tower N suggest that the stairway-turret and Tower N were likely...
Later Construction of Wall BB
At a later time, a new wall, labeled BB, was built behind the earlier wall AA. This new wall had strong buttresses, both on...
Widespread Social Unrest
Everywhere in the Ottoman Empire, social life is in a sad state. We hear about riots and killings in many places. In Albania and...
Rising Tensions Between Bulgaria and Turkey
The cause of conflict in the Balkans often begins with Turkey, though it is rarely admitted. Bulgarian fighters sometimes cross the Turkish border. When...
Trouble Brewing in Macedonia
The situation in Macedonia, also called Eastern Rumelia on some maps, is growing worse each year. Sadly, this crisis has not attracted much attention...
Abdul Hamid’s Use of Racial Divisions
Sofia, December 7th, 1914
Fifth Letter: Terms of Settlement and Bulgarian Demands
In his rule, Abdul Hamid took full advantage of the racial divisions between different...
Betrayal and Dishonesty in 1913
This is the nation that was betrayed and abandoned in 1913. Then, it was cheated at Bucharest by a treaty based on the dishonorable...
Treatment of the Turkish Population During the 1912-1913 War
During the 1912-1913 Turkish War, the Turkish people in Bulgaria were not treated badly.
Even though they were required to serve in the military, they...
Pontus in the New Testament
After the Roman Empire took over, the name Pontus was often used by itself to describe the eastern part of the Roman province called...
