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Pliny the Younger and the Christians of Anatolia
One of the earliest official records of Christianity in Anatolia comes from Pliny the Younger, who served as the Roman governor of the province...
Persecution of the First Christian Leaders
During the first decades after the death of Jesus, the leaders of the early Christian movement faced severe persecution. St Stephen, the first Christian...
St John of Patmos
Much of what we know about St John of Patmos, also called the Theologian or the Divine, comes from later Christian traditions and apocryphal...
Lakes of Hungary and Their Importance
Just as Hungary is rich in rivers, it is also home to several notable lakes. One of the most important is Lake Balaton, also...
Roman Power Over the Danube
The ancient Romans believed strongly in their power and destiny. One famous Roman inscription declares that the strength of Rome, guided by divine providence,...
Strength of the Burned Bridge
The reason the bridge was not rebuilt in the same manner lies in its strong construction. The supports beneath the water remained firmly fixed...
Communication Between Stories
Stairs or Ladders for Access
Communication between the three stories of the tower was likely maintained by wooden stairs or ladders. In the north-eastern wall...
The Stairway-Turret and Its Purpose
Construction of the Stairway-Turret
The passages that connect the stairway to the chambers in Tower N suggest that the stairway-turret and Tower N were likely...
Later Construction of Wall BB
At a later time, a new wall, labeled BB, was built behind the earlier wall AA. This new wall had strong buttresses, both on...
Widespread Social Unrest
Everywhere in the Ottoman Empire, social life is in a sad state. We hear about riots and killings in many places. In Albania and...













